Shaping the Tool - Axes are typically only reshaped once in their lifetime. And that happens when the woodsman gets the tool from the manufacturer and adjusts it to their own preferences.

Sharpening the Tool - Axes should be resharpened at the start of the day, and as often as needed. Very hard woods and teenage sons can certainly shorten the time before the tool needs to be resharpened.

Honing and Stropping
to remove the burr

Honing the Tool - Carving with axes greatly benefits from honing the cutting edge.

As with turners, there are others who sharpen and hone; and then they re-hone again as much as possible (rather than resharpening each time) using a diamond plate.

My experience has been that rough cutting can be done using a tool which is not honed; however the final cuts should be done with a tool which is honed. This provides for a smoother surface which requires less sanding (as sanding is the verb form of a 4-letter word !).

Also, a well honed tool surface is a great benefit for woods with tight grains or which are very hard.

Note: When honing or stropping, the side to start on is the one where the grinding was last done. If you start on the other side, the burr will get ripped off and you can end up with an edge like above.